Children with PDD-NOS, therefore, had to meet at least two diagnostic criteria with one from the social domain. Diagnoses of PDD-NOS were described as a severe and pervasive impairment in the development of reciprocal social interaction associated with impairment in either verbal and nonverbal communication skills, or the presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities, but criteria not met for another ASD. A diagnosis of Asperger disorder specified qualitative impairments in social interaction and presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, but no cognitive, language, or non-social adaptive delays noted in early development. A diagnosis of autistic disorder required the presence of at least six of 12 total symptoms from three domains (two social, at least one communication, and at least one behavioral), and onset before 36 months of age. In DSM-IV-Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR), ASD included subtypes of autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). The criteria used to diagnose ASD are outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA0). The early detection of ASD is an important public health priority that may address immediate and long-term needs of children and families.ĪSD is a behaviorally defined disorder that relies on child observation and parent report to differentiate from other childhood conditions. Early detection of ASD symptoms facilitates referral for early intervention services which are associated with improved developmental outcomes. More debilitating forms of ASD are associated with greater economic burden, parental stress, and more medical and behavior co-morbidities. ASD is the fastest growing developmental disability and costs $236–262 billion per year in the USA. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that affects social communication and behavior development and is typically recognized in the first few years of life.
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